Solana Observatory for Network Decentralization Analysis

The Solana network, mapped and verified.

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Insights

Network signals at a glance.

Live infrastructure status

Reachability of critical Solana infrastructure endpoints.

Explore all endpoints →
Public RPC nodes loading...
DoubleZero network loading...

Path to better decentralization

How much stake would need to migrate to reach healthier thresholds.

Geographic distribution

Validator count and stake share.

All validators →
By country
By network provider (ASN) SFDP requires validators to avoid ASNs holding more than 25% of stake (effective May 2026). ASNs above this threshold are highlighted.

Decentralization metrics

Academic indicators of network distribution.

HHI Herfindahl-Hirschman Index measures concentration on a 0–10000 scale. Below 1500 is competitive (green), 1500–2500 moderate (orange), above 2500 highly concentrated (red).
by country
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by ASN
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Gini Gini coefficient measures stake inequality across validators on a 0–1 scale. 0 means all validators equal, 1 means one holds everything.
across validators
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Shannon Shannon entropy measures information-theoretic diversity. Normalized to 0–1: above 0.8 high diversity (green), 0.5–0.8 moderate, below 0.5 low diversity (red).
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Nakamoto Minimum number of independent entities that together control 33% of stake. Each ring shows the value as equal segments. Multiple concentric rings appear when the number exceeds 10. Higher is more decentralized.
ASN
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Superminority Number of entities holding the given percent of stake. The 33% line is the liveness threshold (enough to halt the network), the 50% line is the safety threshold (enough to censor).
controls 33%
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controls 50%
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About SONDA

SONDA is an open-source observatory for the Solana network. It tracks where validators run, which infrastructure layers they use, and what decentralization looks like in practice. Live across mainnet, testnet, and devnet.

Validators here are not just IPs. Each record cross-references geolocation across four independent providers (with discrepancies flagged), pulls staking and performance from Solana RPC, infrastructure participation from DoubleZero and Jito BAM, delegation status from the Solana Foundation, and historical movements from Jito Kobe and SFDP archives. Validator location history reaches back to 2021, across 700+ epochs.

Built for assessing network effects and problems: the health of critical infrastructure layers, monitoring and research of datacenters, and a fresh look at decentralization. Data refreshes every ~60 seconds across all three clusters and is free to use under attribution.

MAINNET —validators · —countries · —providers
TESTNET —validators · —countries · —providers
DEVNET —validators · —countries · —providers
Open source Free to use Attribution appreciated

Built by the Solya validator team.

Roadmap

Live network events
Phase 0 Done
2023–Mar 2026
Backend pipeline. Validator analyzer with multi-source geolocation cross-verification, R2 distribution, automated snapshots, Telegram bot for live network events.
Phase 1 In progress
Apr 2026 →
Public dashboard. Live homepage with cluster switching, validators table, endpoints monitor, datacenter analysis.
Phase 2 Planned
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Per-validator deep dives. Individual validator pages, location history timelines, cross-cluster identity linking, datacenter scoring.
Phase 3 Planned
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Open data. Public API access, JSON exports, methodology documentation.
Phase 4 Planned
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Historical analytics. Per-epoch snapshot pipeline, decentralization trends over time, network events archive.
Phase 5 Vision
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Synthetic scores and beyond. Validator Score and Datacenter Score composite metrics combining performance, reliability, and infrastructure adoption. Validator and DC ratings derived from these. Embeddable widgets, custom alerts, watchlists, internationalization.